In the IBM PC compatible market, the computer's power supply unit (PSU) almost always uses an exhaust fan to expel warm air from the PSU. A user can even supplement this function with additional cooling components or connect a manual fan controller with knobs that set fans to different speeds. A computer's BIOS can control the speed of the built-in fan system for the computer. Fan control is not always an automatic process. Fans attached to components are usually used in combination with a heat sink to increase the area of heated surface in contact with the air, thereby improving the efficiency of cooling. To cool these components, fans are used to move heated air away from the components and draw cooler air over them. While in earlier personal computers it was possible to cool most components using natural convection ( passive cooling), many modern components require more effective active cooling. Computer fans are powered and controlled using 3-pin or 4-pin fan connectors. Computer fans commonly come in standard sizes, such as 92 mm, 120 mm (most common), 140 mm, and even 200–220 mm. Both axial and sometimes centrifugal (blower/squirrel-cage) fans are used in computers. Fans are used to draw cooler air into the case from the outside, expel warm air from inside and move air across a heat sink to cool a particular component. A 30-millimetre (1.2 in) PC fan laying atop one sized 250 mm (9.8 in)Ī computer fan is any fan inside, or attached to, a computer case used for active cooling.
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